MariaDB versus MySQL - which one is better for Drupal?

Understanding MySQL and MariaDB

MySQL: Origins and Evolution

MySQL, created by MySQL AB, is a foundational pillar in the world of open-source RDBMS. Known for its ease of use, speed, and reliability, it has become a standard choice for many web applications. MySQL offers two primary editions: the MySQL Community Edition, which is open-source, and the MySQL Enterprise Edition, a proprietary version that provides additional features and support for enterprise clients.

MariaDB: Emergence and Development

MariaDB emerged as a direct fork of MySQL, initiated by the original MySQL developers led by Michael Widenius. The impetus for this fork was the acquisition of MySQL AB first by Sun Microsystems and later by Oracle Corporation, which raised concerns about the future of MySQL's open-source commitment. MariaDB is structured similarly, with MariaDB Community Server offering an open-source solution, and MariaDB Enterprise Server catering to businesses seeking enhanced support and features.

Creators and Their Vision

MySQL was the brainchild of Michael Widenius ("Monty"), David Axmark, and Allan Larsson. Its acquisition trajectory—from MySQL AB to Sun Microsystems, and ultimately to Oracle Corporation—has significantly influenced its development path. Under Oracle, MySQL has continued to grow, albeit with a greater emphasis on alignment with Oracle's broader suite of technologies.

The creation of MariaDB by the same founding figures of MySQL was a strategic move to preserve the original ethos of MySQL as an open-source RDBMS. This initiative ensures that the core principles of accessibility and community-driven development continue in the MariaDB ecosystem.

Use Cases: Web and Beyond

MySQL's popularity in web applications is partly due to its inclusion in the LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Perl/Python) stack, making it a default choice for many web developers. Its ease of use, combined with robust performance, makes it suitable for a wide range of applications, from small websites to large-scale enterprise systems.

MariaDB, while maintaining close compatibility with MySQL, has been embraced for its strong open-source commitment and the introduction of innovative features. It is widely used in scenarios where open-source solutions are preferred, ranging from small community projects to large-scale enterprise applications.

The Fork: More Than Just a Codebase

The decision to fork MariaDB from MySQL was more than just a technical divergence; it was a statement about open-source philosophy and the future direction of database technology. MariaDB was positioned as a guardian of the open-source nature of MySQL, ensuring that the community would continue to have a high-performance, feature-rich database system free from the uncertainties of corporate acquisitions.

Commercial and Open Source Dynamics

MySQL's Dual Offerings

MySQL, under the stewardship of Oracle, provides a dual offering. The Community Edition continues to serve the open-source community, while the Enterprise Edition offers advanced features like enhanced security, backup, and scalability solutions. This bifurcation caters to a broad spectrum of users, from individual developers to large corporations.

MariaDB's Open Source Pledge

MariaDB remains steadfast in its commitment to open-source principles. The MariaDB Foundation ensures the accessibility and continuous development of MariaDB. The MariaDB Corporation provides commercial backing to the Enterprise Server, offering premium features and support. This model serves to reinforce MariaDB's position as a community-driven yet enterprise-ready database solution.

Technical Divergence and Innovations

While MariaDB started as a direct fork, it has since introduced significant changes and improvements. These include new storage engines like Aria and ColumnStore, and features like advanced clustering capabilities, which are not present in MySQL. MariaDB has also been more agile in implementing new SQL standards and features, such as Window functions and common table expressions (CTEs).

MySQL, on the other hand, has focused on enhancing its robustness, scalability, and integration with Oracle's cloud solutions. It has introduced features like the JSON data type, which have been significant for developers working with modern web applications.

Performance Considerations

In terms of performance, both MariaDB and MySQL are highly capable. MariaDB's optimizations often provide it with an edge in specific scenarios, particularly where complex queries are involved. MySQL, with its focus on stability and scalability, continues to be a strong performer, especially in large-scale and enterprise environments.

MariaDB vs MySQL: Drupal Context

Performance in Drupal

For Drupal websites, database performance is critical. MariaDB's slight edge in query optimization can be beneficial for complex Drupal sites with heavy database usage. However, MySQL's performance, particularly in its latest versions, is robust and reliable, making it a viable choice for a wide range of Drupal applications.

Compatibility and Integration

Both databases offer seamless integration with Drupal, thanks to Drupal's sophisticated database abstraction layer. This means that Drupal site developers can choose either MariaDB or MySQL without significant compatibility concerns.

Enterprise and Community Support

MySQL, with its strong enterprise backing by Oracle, offers assured support which can be crucial for business-critical Drupal sites. MariaDB, with its vibrant open-source community, provides a wealth of community-driven resources and support, alongside the commercial support available through MariaDB Enterprise Server.

Feature-Rich and Innovative

MariaDB has been proactive in incorporating new features and optimizations, which can offer advantages in specific Drupal deployments, particularly those requiring advanced database functionality. MySQL's focus on cloud compatibility and security features aligns well with the growing trend of cloud-based Drupal environments.